Relação entre Emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa e Variáveis Contábeis Conforme Hipótese da Curva Ambiental de Kuznets
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14392/asaa.2023160311Palavras-chave:
Curva Ambiental de Kuznets, Emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa, Variáveis ContábeisResumo
Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEEs) e o resultado operacional das entidades e as variáveis contábeis intangível líquido, amortização, imobilizado líquido, depreciação e pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), considerando a curva ambiental de Kuznets.
Método: Aplicação de regressão em painel em amostra de 682 empresas de 40 países pertencentes a 11 setores diferentes, que divulgaram suas emissões de GEEs de escopo 1 de 2012 a 2019 na base de dados Thomson Reuters Refinitiv Eikon.
Resultados: Os resultados indicam uma relação entre as emissões de GEEs, conforme previsto pela Hipótese Ambiental da Curva de Kuznets (HCAK). Estas emissões traçam graficamente uma curva em forma de U invertido, na qual, devido ao efeito escala, há um aumento nas emissões de gases de efeito estufa à medida que aumenta o resultado operacional da entidade. Porém, de acordo com o efeito composição, conforme as empresas utilizam maior quantidade de intangíveis líquidos e menos ativos imobilizados líquidos (capturados pela variável “depreciação”), suas emissões diminuem. Porém, pelo efeito técnica, não foi possível identificar uma relação significativa com as emissões de GEEs.
Contribuições: A compreensão da relação entre variáveis contábeis e emissões de GEEs pode ajudar os órgãos reguladores no desenvolvimento de métricas e padrões de divulgação de informações empresariais relacionadas ao clima, melhorando a qualidade, a comparabilidade e sua confiabilidade. Este fato pode influenciar a avaliação do valor das entidades ao considerar os riscos e oportunidades relacionados com os seus impactos ambientais.
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