Efeitos das Diferenças na Política Contábil de Leasings entre o FASB e o IASB
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14392/asaa.2024170107Palavras-chave:
Política Contábil de Leasings , Topic 842 , IFRS 16, Value relevanceResumo
Objetivo: Esta pesquisa investiga os efeitos das normas de leasing do FASB de 2019 para empresas arrendatárias dos EUA, comparando com os efeitos potenciais da IFRS 16 para explorar as razões econômicas que poderiam ter levado o FASB e o IASB a divergir de seu projeto conjunto sobre as normas de leasing.
Método: Foram coletados manualmente dados detalhados sobre arrendamentos nas demonstrações financeiras de 2019 de 500 empresas arrendatárias dos EUA para primeiro analisar os efeitos da Topic 842 nos índices financeiros e simular esses efeitos caso o FASB adotasse os mesmos critérios de reconhecimento de resultados da IFRS 16. Em seguida, investigamos a relevância desses efeitos observados e simulados no mercado de ações.
Resultados: A Topic 842 gerou variações significativas nos indicadores financeiros das empresas, mas não foi possível identificar a relevância dessas variações devido a limitações no modelo. A simulação da IFRS 16 mostra um aumento significativo no EBIT e nos fluxos de caixa operacionais, mas uma queda no lucro líquido, que parece ter sido incorporada aos preços das ações. Isso sugere que a decisão do FASB de divergir do IASB pode incluir o desejo de evitar lucros mais baixos e seus impactos negativos no mercado de ações.
Contribuições: Esta pesquisa acrescenta à literatura, primeiro, ao focar nos EUA, quando a maioria dos estudos recentes investigou o mundo das IFRS, e, segundo, ao explorar razões econômicas em vez da hierarquia de poder entre o FASB e o IASB. Finalmente, adicionamos uma novidade derivada do trabalho manual detalhado, que nos permitiu estimar os efeitos caso as empresas dos EUA estivessem sob a jurisdição do IASB.
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