Study Time and Academic Performance: Do the Level of Self-Regulated Learning and Impostor Syndrome Matter?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14392/asaa.2023160304Keywords:
Self-Regulated Learning, Imposter Syndrome, Study TimeAbstract
Objective: We investigated the effect of study time on academic performance, mediated by the level of use of self-regulated learning strategies and the imposter syndrome, in undergraduate accounting students.
Method: Our sample consisted of 330 valid questionnaires from undergraduate accounting students from three different federal universities. We analyzed these data through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model.
Results: We found that increasing study time does not imply an increase in academic performance, but only when mediated by the level of use of self-regulated learning strategies. Thus, study time does not directly imply academic performance, but indirectly, since it depends on the student's level of use of self-regulated learning. We also found that the imposter syndrome is not a factor that mediates the relationship between study time and academic performance.
Contributions: We empirically found that the level of use of the self-regulated learning strategy is a factor that causes study time to have a positive impact on academic performance. In addition, we show undergraduate accounting students that for study time to be effective for the purpose of achieving higher academic performance, one must increase one's level of self-regulated learning strategy.
Downloads
References
Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC) (1990). Objectives of education for accountants: Position statement number one. Issues in Accounting Education: 307–312.
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) (2010). Core Competency Framework for Entry into the Accounting Profession.
Ashrafifard, S., & Mafakheri, A. (2017). Investigating the relationship between attribution styles and metacognitive skills with fear of success among students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 11(2), e9461. In Press. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.9461
Becker, L.L. (2013). Self-regulated learning interventions in the introductory accounting course: An empirical study. Issues in Accounting Education, 28(3), 435-460.
Broadbent, J., & Poon, W. L. (2015). Self-regulated learning strategies & academic achievement in online higher education learning environments: A systematic review. The Internet and Higher Education, 27, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.04.007
Brown, T. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guildford.
Chassangre, K., & Callahan, S. (2017). «J’ai réussi, j’ai de la chance… je serai démasqué»: revue de littérature du syndrome de l’imposteur. Pratiques psychologiques, 23(2), 97-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prps.2017.01.001
Chen, J. H., Björkman, A., Zou, J. H., & Engström, M. (2019). Self–regulated learning ability, metacognitive ability, and general self-efficacy in a sample of nursing students: A cross-sectional and correlational study. Nurse Education in Practice, 37, 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.04.014
Chucrute, L. (2022, jan. 14). Leonardo Chucrute: Prepare-se para concursos com o ciclo de estudos. Jornal O Dia. Acesso em: 14 de janeiro de 2022. Disponível em: https://odia.ig.com.br/opiniao/2022/01/6316446-leonardo-chucrute-prepare-se-para-concursos-com-o-ciclo-de-estudos.html
Clance, P. R. (1985). Clance impostor phenomenon scale. Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1037/t11274-000
Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, research & practice, 15(3), 241. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0086006
Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of applied psychology, 78(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98
Cowman, S. E., & Ferrari, J. R. (2002). “Am I for real?” Predicting impostor tendencies from self-handicapping and affective components. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 30(2), 119-125. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.2.119
Cummings, D. J., Poropat, A. E., Loxton, N. J., & Sheeran, N. (2017). Development and initial validation of a multidimensional student performance scale. Learning and Individual Differences, 59, 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.08.008
Dagal, A. B., & Bayindir, D. (2016). The Investigation of the Relationship between the Level of Metacognitive Awareness, Self-Directed Learning Readiness and Academic Achievement of Preschool Teacher Candidates. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(11), 2533-2540.
Ericsson, K. A. (2001). Attaining excellence through deliberate practice: Insights from the study of expert performance. In M. Ferrari (Ed.), The pursuit of excellence through education,. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 21–55.
Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. American psychologist, 49(8), 725. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.8.725
Fávero, L. P., & Belfiore, P. (2017). Manual de análise de dados: estatística e modelagem multivariada com Excel®, SPSS® e Stata®. Elsevier Brasil.
Garner, J. K. (2009). Conceptualizing the relations between executive functions and self-regulated learning. The Journal of Psychology, 143(4), 405-426. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.143.4.405-426
G1 (2017, fev. 2). Adolescente que estudava 15h por dia passa em 1º para medicina na UFG. G1. Acesso em: 8 de janeiro de 2022. Disponível em: https://g1.globo.com/goias/noticia/2017/02/adolescente-que-estudava-15h-por-dia-passa-em-1-para-medicina-na-ufg.html
Gianolla, G. (2020, abr. 1). Passei em 1º lugar em Medicina na USP-RP no meio da pandemia. Guia do Estudante. Acesso em 8 de janeiro de 2022. Disponível em: https://guiadoestudante.abril.com.br/universidades/passei-em-1o-lugar-em-medicina-na-usp-rp-no-meio-da-pandemia/
Herbert, I. P., Rothwell, A. T., Glover, J. L., & Lambert, S. A. (2020). Graduate employability, employment prospects and work-readiness in the changing field of professional work. The International Journal of Management Education, 18(2), 100378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100378
Jöreskog, K. G., Olsson, U. H., & Wallentin, F. Y. (2016). Multivariate analysis with LISREL. Basel, Switzerland: Springer.
Katsikas, E., & Panagiotidis, T. (2011). Student status and academic performance: Accounting for the symptom of long duration of studies in Greece. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 37(2-3), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2011.03.009
Keith, T. Z. (2019). Multiple regression and beyond: An introduction to multiple regression and structural equation modeling. 3rd Edition. New York: Routledge.
Kuna, S. (2019). All by myself? Executives’ impostor phenomenon and loneliness as catalysts for executive coaching with management consultants. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 55(3), 306-326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886319832009
Lahmers, A. G., & Zulauf, C. (2000). The secret to academic success: Hours and hours of study. Journal of College Student Development, 41(5), 545-554.
Lima Filho, R. N., de Lima, G. A. S. F., & Bruni, A. L. (2015). Aprendizagem autorregulada em Contabilidade: diagnósticos, dimensões e explicações. Brazilian Business Review, 12(1), 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2015.12.1.2
Lounsbury, J. W., Levy, J. J., Park, S. H., Gibson, L. W., & Smith, R. (2009). An investigation of the construct validity of the personality trait of self-directed learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(4), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2009.03.001
Magalhães, F. A. C., & Andrade, J. X. (2006). Exame vestibular, características demográficas e desempenho na universidade: em busca de fatores preditivos. In Congresso USP de Controladoria e Contabilidade (Vol. 6, p. 2006).
Matos, P. A. V. C. D. (2014). Síndrome do impostor e auto-eficácia de minorias sociais: alunos de contabilidade e administração (Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo - USP).
Meriac, J. P. (2012). Work ethic and academic performance: Predicting citizenship and counterproductive behavior. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(4), 549-553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2012.03.015
Meurer, A. M., & Costa, F. (2020a). Eis o melhor e o pior de mim: fenômeno impostor e comportamento acadêmico na área de negócios. Revista Contabilidade & Finanças, 31, 348-363. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-057x201910370
Meurer, A. M., & Costa, F. (2020b). E se a máscara cair? Fenômeno impostor, características pessoais e background familiar dos pós-graduandos stricto sensu da área de negócios. Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting, 13(3), 103-124. https://doi.org/10.14392/asaa.2020130306
Michaels, J. W., & Miethe, T. D. (1989). Academic effort and college grades. Social Forces, 68(1), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/68.1.309
Monteiro, A., Leite, C., & Rocha, C. (2019). Students' self-study time and its relationship with a lifelong learning profile. European Journal of Curriculum Studies, 753-768.
Monteiro, S. C., Vasconcelos, R., & Almeida, L. S. (2005). Rendimento académico: influência dos métodos de estudo. VIII Congresso Galaico Português de PsicoPedagogia, Braga, 3505-3516.
Mthimunye, K. D. T., & Daniels, F. M. (2020). Exploring the challenges and efforts implemented to improve the academic performance and success of nursing students at a university in the Western Cape. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12, 100196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100196
Neroni, J., Meijs, C., Gijselaers, H. J., Kirschner, P. A., & de Groot, R. H. (2019). Learning strategies and academic performance in distance education. Learning and Individual Differences, 73, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2019.04.007
Neureiter, M., & Traut-Mattausch, E. (2016). An inner barrier to career development: Preconditions of the impostor phenomenon and consequences for career development. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00048
Nonis, S. A., & Hudson, G. I. (2010). Performance of college students: Impact of study time and study habits. Journal of education for Business, 85(4), 229-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832320903449550
Nóvoa, A. (2012). Entrevista com o Prof. António Nóvoa. Educação & Sociedade, 33 (119), 633-645. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-73302012000200016
Okwuduba, E. N., Nwosu, K. C., Okigbo, E. C., Samuel, N. N., & Achugbu, C. (2021). Impact of intrapersonal and interpersonal emotional intelligence and self-directed learning on academic performance among pre-university science students. Heliyon, 7(3), e06611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06611
Parkman, A. (2016). The imposter phenomenon in higher education: Incidence and impact. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 16(1), 51.
Pathways Commission. (2012). The Pathways Commission: Charting a National Strategy for the Next Generation of Accountants. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
Petratos, P., Herrera, D., & Soydemir, E. (2021). Academic Success and Weekend Study Time: Further Evidence from Public Elementary School Students. American Journal of Educational Research, 9(2), 67-71. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-9-2-2
Pinto, N. L. S., Fernandes, L. M. A., & Silva, F. F. (2016). Para além da formação acadêmica: As contribuições da iniciação científica para o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional de estudantes da área de administração. Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 17(2), 301-325.
Plant, E. A., Ericsson, K. A., Hill, L., & Asberg, K. (2005). Why study time does not predict grade point average across college students: Implications of deliberate practice for academic performance. Contemporary educational psychology, 30(1), 96-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.06.001
Proitsi, P., Hamilton, G., Tsolaki, M., Lupton, M., Daniilidou, M., Hollingworth, P., & Powell, J. F. (2011). A multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model of behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD). Neurobiology of aging, 32(3), 434-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.03.005
Ramsey, E., & Brown, D. (2018). Feeling like a fraud: Helping students renegotiate their academic identities. College & Undergraduate Libraries, 25(1), 86-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691316.2017.1364080
Rocha, A. L. D. P., Leles, C. R., & Queiroz, M. G. (2018). Fatores associados ao desempenho acadêmico de estudantes de Nutrição no Enade. Revista brasileira de Estudos pedagógicos, 99, 74-94. https://doi.org/10.24109/2176-6681.rbep.99i251.3162
Rosário, P. S. L., Almeida, L. S., Guimarães, C., Faria, A., Prata, L., Dias, M., & Núñez, C. (2000). Como enfrentam os alunos universitários as suas tarefas académicas?: um enfoque sobre o ano escolar e a sua relação com o rendimento escolar.
Rosseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling and more. Version 0.5–12 (BETA). Journal of statistical software, 48(2), 1-36.
Sagitova, R. (2014). Students’ self-education: learning to learn across the lifespan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 272-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.194
Silva, T. B. J., Freitas, M. M. D., Sallaberry, J. D., & Flach, L. (2022). Relationship between academic performance and the level of use of metacognitive strategies for self-regulated learning. Revista Evidenciação Contábil & Finanças, 10(3), 137-150. https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.2318-1001.2022v10n3.61498
Silva, T. B. J., & Biavatti, V. T. (2018). Estratégia metacognitiva de aprendizagem autorregulada, percepção docente sobre a aprendizagem e métodos educacionais em contabilidade. Revista Contemporânea de Contabilidade, 15 (37), 3-33. https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8069.2018v15n37p3
Silva, T. B. J., Valeretto, G. J., Ferreira, M. P., Santos, C. A., & Dal Magro, C. B. (2021). Fatores explicativos do nível de utilização das estratégias metacognitivas de aprendizagem autorregulada dos estudantes de contabilidade. Revista Gestão Universitária na América Latina-GUAL, 204-227. https://doi.org/10.5007/1983-4535.2021.e79844
Soares, L., Paes, P., & Araújo, W. (2020, Jan. 31). Aluno de MG que passou em 1º em medicina na USP dá a receita: 'É mais esforço do que talento'. G1. Acesso em 10 de janeiro de 2022. Disponível em: https://g1.globo.com/mg/sul-de-minas/noticia/2020/01/31/aluno-de-mg-que-passou-em-1o-em-medicina-na-usp-da-a-receita-e-mais-esforco-do-que-talento.ghtml
Zheng, L. (2016). The effectiveness of self-regulated learning scaffolds on academic performance in computer-based learning environments: A meta-analysis. Asia Pacific Education Review, 17(2), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-016-9426-9
Zhoc, K. C., Chung, T. S., & King, R. B. (2018). Emotional intelligence (EI) and self‐directed learning: Examining their relation and contribution to better student learning outcomes in higher education. British Educational Research Journal, 44(6), 982-1004. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3472
Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(3), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.81.3.329
Zimmerman, B. J., & Pons, M. M. (1986). Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies. American educational research journal, 23(4), 614-628. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312023004614
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Thiago Bruno de Jesus Silva, Allison Manoel de Sousa, Fagner Martins Simão
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright for articles published in the ASAA Journal is held by the author, with first publication rights to the journal. By virtue of appearing in this publicly accessible journal, the articles are free to use, with their own attributions, in educational and non-commercial applications. The ASAA Journal will allow the use of published works for non-commercial purposes, including the right to submit the work to publicly accessible databases. Published articles are the authors' full and exclusive responsibility. There are no submission/publishing charges or fees for processing articles (APC).